Violation of Human Rights vs the book Night essays

Violation of Human Rights vs the book Night essays Throughout history we have studied and learned about different people and places that have gone through serious hardships. Some people wrote books about their terrible experience. However, others we have just read about in newspaper articles, seen in movies or even studied in a school textbooks. The book Night is about a Hungarian Jewish teenager who is captured by the Nazi's along with his father and many other Jews. They are being tortured in many ways such as being beaten,stripped, shaved, starved and also having to do slave work. They were being treated as if they were not human. As a matter of fact to the Nazi's they weren't human, they were practically garbage and it did not matter what had happened to them. The Nazi's had turned them into different people. It was as if they did not have family members because they only cared about personal survival. Also I think that it took the faith that the Jews had away from them which left them no other choice but to be hopeless. Since the Holocaust took place there were other incidents that has occured in other countries where human rights were violated. In Libya people have been treated cruely and have had no rights for years. Libya has not had fair human rights since 1984. Recently in June of 1997, the head of the state decided on punished people if the head of the state was not informed of family members. The things that are taking place are violating the International Human Rights treaties. There were reports on people being tortured executed or even supposedly "disappearing". In Libya they are treated as if they are not human and they have to obey absurd rules that have nothing to do with keeping a country in order. Keeping a country or state in order should be the main idea not torturing everyone. I think that what is happening in Libya and the Holocaust are almost exactly alike. The Holocaust was all about concentration camps and ways of tortu ...

The Content Creator That You’ve Always Wanted Is Here - CoSchedule

The Content Creator That You’ve Always Wanted Is Here Back in March I started making calls. Tons of them. The recipient? You. Since this past April, I’ve talked to more than 100 different customers or potential customers that were trying our product for the first time. I learned a few things. There are a lot of marketing projects, and teams, that need organizing. There are even more spreadsheets that still need eliminating. There was a lot more that we could do here at to make your life way easier. Like waaaaaaay easier.   So, we began what has became known as the â€Å"Content UX† project here inside of , which was short for â€Å"content user experience.† It was a cumulation of everything that I learned on those calls. The goal was to make the experience of editing and managing content inside of easier and even more team-oriented. In short, we want to eliminate your spreadsheets and clumsy workarounds. The Content UX project was born, and we  made our first code changes in July. Today you finally get to use version 1.0. We’re pumped! Here are three big changes that roll out today, plus a few amazing new features that are up next. For a detailed look at every change launching today, please see this post. Here, I will be covering the bigger goals behind the features. Change #1: We Hid The Things You Didn’t Need One of the problems we wanted to address was the â€Å"clutter† that had taken place in the content creator.  As we’ve added new features, we’ve been forced to augment our existing design which wasn’t built to handle all of that power.   We’ve made it work, but it’s was ultimately time for something better. is powerful, but that doesn’t mean it needs to look complicated. #ui #redesignWith this redesign we wanted to accomplish a couple things: Hide things that you didn’t need. A few examples of this include making the headline analyzer an optional integration, along with the social queue itself (which has been renamed to Social Campaigns). Utilize the entire screen. Our new â€Å"full-screen† editing experience on the calendar gives you the space you need to do your best work. I think the results speak for themselves. The interface is cleaner, more user-friendly, and better organized around keeping your entire marketing process right on track. Change #2: We Made Even More Team Friendly Teamwork is important. To make it easier for teams to work together, we’ve added an all-new sidebar to manage all of your project activity. Tasks, comments, and team contributors are now managed in separate tabs rather than our long long-running lists.  This redesign will prevent the excessive scrolling that sometime came with larger projects. Additionally, we’ve introduced some major updates to our task management features such as the addition of unscheduled tasks, drag and drop task sorting, and an all-new â€Å"files† tab which will be launching soon. The new activity sidebar also does a better job of reporting new activity and clearing out older comments and data that are no longer as relevant. Some of our users have reported that on-boarding new team members to can be a challenge. We hope that these changes start making that process much easier. Change #3: Make Content Creation Easier   The content editor in has undergone an extreme makeover. First, we’ve completely replaced the built-in text editor with a brand new version. The new editor supports more formatting and is far more reliable than our previous solution. Creating content inside of should now be a seamless experience. Second, we added some clarity to the editor selection process, which we learned was a regular source of confusion. Now, when you create a new piece of content in you will be asked to select a single editing mode. The options include: Our *NEW* built-in text editor Google Docs Evernote WordPress File upload (Microsoft Word, images, etc.) Of course, many of you love to create and edit your content in Microsoft Word, and we’ve even added some great new features just for you. File Version Control Now, when editing our content using a traditional word processor like Microsoft Word, team members can download the file, make changes, and then re-upload the file as a new version. will maintain a history of all previous versions, which can be accessed at any time.  Everyone on the team will see that edits have been made, and will have access to a full file history. It’s the best way to bring a real-time like workflow to those tools that aren’t quite real time! Soon, we’ll also be adding support for converting Word Docs into WordPress Blog posts, so be on the lookout for that update. New to : File Version Control.Change #4, #5, #6, and #7: Coming Soon! We have a lot more in store for our content creator – all based on your suggestions. Here are a few of the things that are up next. Custom Content Types We will be rolling out an update in a few weeks that will allow you to customize the menu you use to add new content to . Fill it up as much or as little as you want. Further down the road we hope to add even more ways to create custom content types as a way to separate your content. Multiple Color Labels This feature will allow you to select multiple color labels for each piece of  content you create. This overhaul will also include the ability to add your own custom labels. Tags! Tags! Tags! Wouldn’t it be great if you could add tags to each piece of content you create for further customization? We think so too. Look for this to ship soon. Marketing Projects This feature will allow you to combine several different pieces of content or social campaigns into a single project. With this update you’ll be able to manage even the most complex of marketing projects from . Look for this one early 2017. And More! Of course, there’s a lot more to come that we aren’t ready to share. Please keep your features requests coming as well. We are always on the look out for the next big thing!

Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease...What do you know about them Essay

Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease...What do you know about them - Essay Example Discussing gestational diabetes is relevant to me as the disease runs in the family. In addition, it has relevance to the goals that I want to take in the future: becoming an obstetric nurse and an endocrinologist. Health practitioners believe that prevention is better than cure and that pregnant women must be taught on how to improve their health and their baby through early prenatal care and regular prenatal visitation. However, I believe that educating them about risk factors and preventive interventions will not immediately create awareness towards action to prevent gestational diabetes. Instead of focusing on risk factors and preventive strategies, why not inform pregnant women of the complications of gestational diabetes to them and their baby? This may create fears or worries but surely, pregnant women will take immediate action to avoid complications and inquiry about risk factors and necessary interventions follow. Gestational diabetes poses some life-threatening and chronic conditions both on the pregnant women and newborns. Women with gestational diabetes and who are obese may develop type 2 diabetes later in life. They have also increased susceptibility and mortality to other illnesses such as pneumonia and influenza. Women with gestational diabetes have marked biochemical imbalances which may lead to life-threatening conditions diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar (nonketotic) coma, and high blood pressures. In addition, women with gestational diabetes tend to deliver babies via cesarean section and acquire birth injury (trauma) due to large infant size. Meanwhile, babies are also harmed if the mother has gestational diabetes. According to the CDCs 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 5% to 10% of babies suffered from major birth defects while 15% to 20% of fetuses are spontaneously aborted if women developed diabetes early in pregnancies (9). There is also a slight

Stewardship and Sustainability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stewardship and Sustainability - Assignment Example 2 Sustainability has its basis on a simple principle, which is all things that we require for our survival and well-being depend, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment. Therefore, sustainability creates and maintains the terms under which humans and nature can live in productive harmony that allows for the fulfillment of the economic social and other requirements of present and future generations. Further, sustainability may also be defined as a set of values; stewardship, respect for limits, interdependence, economic restructuring, fair distribution (Chapin et al, 2010.). 3. In this study, the Amazon rainforest is a good case study. Amazon rainforest covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America and it is a moist broadleaf forest . This basin covers seven million square kilometers, whereby five and a half million square kilometers are covered by the rainforest. Moreover, the Amazon constitute over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and it comprises th e largest and most species-rich extend area of land of tropical rainforest in the world. However, deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest threatens many species such as tree frogs, which are very sensitive to environmental changes. Moreover, this deforestation causes a lot of damage on the general ecosystem. 4 Stewardship and sustainability take different approaches when it comes to natural resource use. Stewardship concentrates on management and planning of natural resources. Furthermore, it incorporates personal responsibility and caring of natural resources. Moreover, commitment is expected in stewardship therefore, those using the natural resources have to be accountable for the resources. Sustainability puts weight on principles and set values on existing in a way that will not compromise the future generations. For instance; Edwards (2005) studied sustainability statements from almost forty different organizations concerned with sustainability issues and developed a list of sev en common themes ;stewardship, respect for limits, interdependence, economic restructuring ,fair distribution ,intergenerational perspective and nature as a model and teacher. Here, natural resources are used to a manner that will satisfy the present generation without compromising the satisfaction of the future generation. Stewardship is interlinked to sustainability; poor stewardship definitely leads to unsustainable use of resources. Generally, sustainability entails stewardships (Edwards, 2005). 5. As much as stewardship and sustainable resource use are interlinked and good for ensuring proper environmental management. Issues arise on whether the need to use resources sustainable so as not to jeopardize future generation really holds any weight. This is because, evolution continues and the satisfaction the present generation gets from resources presently may not be needed in future due to change of lifestyles and priorities. For instance; the reliance on agriculture may be reduc ed due to the day to day advancement of technology. Therefore, not much attention will be on the agriculture sector. Furthermore, stewardship and sustainability are complex terms which cannot be understood without the necessary education (Berkowitz et al, 2012). 6. In the recent years, deforestation in Amazon Rainforest has been on the increase

Tim Hortons Company Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tim Hortons Company Analysis Essay The Tim Hortons chain was founded in 1964 in Hamilton, Ontario. The chains focus on top quality, always fresh product, value, great service and community leadership has allowed it to grow into the largest quick service restaurant chain in Canada specializing in always fresh coffee, baked goods and home style lunches. The first Tim Hortons restaurants offered only two products coffee and donuts. The selection of donuts to enjoy was highlighted by two original Tim Hortons creations, the Apple Fritter and the Dutchie. They became the most popular donut choices in the 60s, and remain two of the most popular today. But as consumer tastes grew, so did the choices at Tim Hortons. The biggest change in the chains product focus took place in 1976 with the introduction of the phenomenally successful Timbit (bite-sized donut hole), today available in over 35 different varieties. The chains growth into the 1980s brought about a whole series of new product introductions: muffins (1981), cakes (1981), pies (1982), croissants (1983), cookies (1984), and soups ;amp; chili (1985). Sandwiches, which were originally introduced in 1993, were re-introduced as a new and improved line-up of 6 varieties, called Tims Own, in 1998. Also, in the 1990s, bagels (1996), flavoured cappuccino (1997), Cafe Mocha (1999) and Iced Cappuccino (1999) were introduced. In 2003, the Turkey Bacon Club sandwich and Maple Pecan Danish were successful menu additions. In 2005 Tim Hortons introduced, Yogurt amp; Berries, Cinnamon Roll and Hot Smoothee to the menu. Many new great products were added to the menu in 2006 such as the Chicken Salad Wrap and the hot Breakfast Sandwich (eggs, sausage or bacon, processed cheese on a toasted home style biscuit). The chains biggest drawing card remains its legendary Tim Hortons coffee. To ensure the coffee is always fresh, Tim Hortons serves its coffee within 20 minutes of being brewed or its not served at all. The premium blend is also available in cans, as are Tim Hortons hot chocolate and flavoured cappuccinos, allowing guests to enjoy these great tasting products at home. GLOBAL RESTAURANT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT The first Tim Hortons restaurant was opened in 1964 by Tim Horton, a National Hockey League All-Star defenseman. In 1967, Tim Horton and Ron Joyce, then the operator of 3 Tim Hortons restaurants, became partners and together they opened 37 restaurants over the next 7 years until Tim Horton’s death in 1974. Mr. Joyce became the sole owner in 1975. In the early 1990s, Tim Hortons and Wendy’s, now owned by The Wendy’s Company (â€Å"Wendy’s†), entered into a partnership to develop real estate and combination restaurant sites with Wendy’s and Tim Hortons restaurants under the same roof in North America. In 1995, Wendy’s purchased Mr. Joyce’s interest in the Tim Hortons system and incorporated the company known as Tim Hortons Inc. , a Delaware corporation (â€Å"THI USA†), as a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2006, Tim Hortons became a standalone public company pursuant to an initial public offering and a subsequent spin-off of its common stock to Wendy’s stockholders through a stock dividend on September 29, 2006. Tim Hortons restaurants operate in a variety of formats. Tim Hortons’ standard restaurant locations typically range from 1,000 to 3,080 square feet. The non-standard restaurant locations include small, full-service restaurants; self-serve kiosks, typically with a limited product offering, in offices, hospitals, colleges, airports, grocery stores, gas and other convenience locations; drive-thru-only units on smaller pieces of property; and full-serve locations in sports arenas and stadiums that operate only during on-site events. Also Tim Hortons developed co-branded locations in its restaurant system. Tim Hortons is party to an agreement with Kahala Franchise Corp. the franchisor of the Cold Stone Creamery brand, pursuant to which Tim Hortons has exclusive development rights in Canada. Tim Hortons is also party to an agreement with Kahala Franchising, L. L. C. in the U. S. , pursuant to which Tim Hortons has the right to use the Cold Stone Creamery trademarks in specified locations in the U. S. The development process for each standard restaurant location typically takes 12 to 18 months. Development of non-standard restaurants an d self-serve kiosks usually requires much less time. Tim Hortons typically oversee and direct all aspects of restaurant development for system restaurants, from an initial review of a location’s demographics, site access, visibility, traffic counts, mix of residential/retail/commercial surroundings, competitive activity, and proposed rental/ownership structure, to considerations of the performance of nearby Tim Hortons locations, projections of the selected location’s ability to meet financial return targets, restaurant owner identification, and physical land development and restaurant design and construction costs. As at December 30, 2012, the number of Tim Hortons restaurants across Canada, both standard and non-standard locations, which for this purpose includes self-serve kiosks, totalled 3,436. Standard restaurants constitute approximately 71. 4% of this total. In the U. S. , Tim Hortons has a regional presence with 804 restaurants, including self-serve kiosks, in 13 states, concentrated in the Northeast in New York and Maine, and in the Midwest in Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania with standard full-serve restaurants representing approximately 59. % of all U. S. restaurants. Notably, Tim Hortons owns, rather than leases, the land underlying a higher percentage of standard system restaurants in the U. S. than in Canada. Restaurant owners operated substantially all of Tim Hortons restaurants both in the CANADA and U. S Recently Tim Hortons has granted a master license to Apparel in the GCC States of the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman, which is primarily a royalty-based m odel, together with ongoing supply chain margin and an upfront license fee. Apparel is responsible for capital spending, real estate development, operations, distribution and marketing. At the end of 2012, there were also 190 and 55 Tim Hortons kiosks in the Republic of Ireland and United Kingdom, respectively, which generally offer self-serve premium coffee, tea, specialty hot beverages and a selection of donuts and muffins at gas and other convenience locations. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Tim Hortons distribute items to its restaurants through 5 distribution centres located in Langley, British Columbia; Calgary, Alberta; Kingston, Ontario; Guelph, Ontario; and Debert, Nova Scotia. The Guelph and the Kingston facilities distribute frozen, refrigerated and shelf-stable products and dried goods to restaurants in our Ontario and Quebec markets. Under the franchise arrangements, each Canadian restaurant owner is required to purchase substantially all food and other products, such as coffee, sugar, and restaurant supplies, from Tim Hortons or it designated suppliers and distributors. Canadian and U. S. restaurant owners and international licensee are also required to purchase par-baked Maidstone Bakeries products from either Tim Hortons or an outside distributor, depending upon the restaurant location. Tim Hortons own or lease a significant number of trucks and trailers that regularly deliver to most of its Canadian restaurants. Tim Hortons uses third-party distributors to deliver all products to U. S. restaurants and to deliver to certain limited geographic areas of Canada. The international licensee, Apparel, is responsible for local delivery of all products in its market in the GCC through the use of third-party distributors. BUSINESS MODEL Tim Hortoms primary business model is to identify potential restaurant locations, develop suitable sites, and make these new restaurants available to approved restaurant owners. As at December 30, 2012, restaurant owners operated 99. 5% of Tim Hortons’ system wide restaurants. Tim Hortons directly own and operate (without restaurant owners) only a small number of company restaurants in Canada and the U. S. Tim Horton also have warehouse and distribution operations that supply paper and dry goods to a substantial majority of its Canadian restaurants, and supply frozen baked goods and some refrigerated products to most of its Ontario restaurants and Quebec restaurants. In the U. S. , Tim Hortons supply similar products to system restaurants through third-party distributors. Tim Hortons’ operations also include coffee roasting plants in Rochester, New York, and Hamilton, Ontario, and a fondant and fills manufacturing facility in Oakville, Ontario. These vertically integrated manufacturing, warehouse, and distribution capabilities benefit Tim Hortons’ restaurant owners and are important elements of Tim Hortons business model which allow it to: improve product quality and consistency; protect proprietary interests; facilitate the expansion of our product offerings; control availability and timely delivery of products; provide economies of scale and labour efficiencies; and generate additional sources of income and financial returns. Tim Hortons have a unique, layered business model that adds to the scale and success of its system. First, franchising takes account of more than 99% of Tim Hortons’ restaurant system. Tim Hortons have a long-standing history of building positive relationships and collaborating with its restaurant owners to grow collective business. Restaurant owners typically operate an average of 3 to 4 restaurants and have a significant stake in the success of the restaurants they operate. Second, Tim Hortons maintains a controlling interest in a significant majority of the real estate in the full-serve restaurant system in North America to maintain brand integrity and control development. Third, Tim Hortons operates with a â€Å"we fit anywhere† concept that allows it to adapt brand presence to take advantage of both standard and non-standard development opportunities. Fourth, Tim Hortons leverages significant levels of vertical integration that exist in the system. MANUFATURING Tim Hortons has 2 wholly owned coffee roasting facilities in Rochester, New York and Hamilton, Ontario, to blend all of the coffee for restaurants. Tim Hortons also own a facility that produces fondants, fills, and ready-to-use glaze, which are used in connection with a number of the products produced in its Always Fresh baking system. Until October 2010, Tim Hortons owned a 50% joint-venture interest in Maidstone Bakeries. Maidstone Bakeries continues to manufacture and supply all par-baked donuts, Timbits and selected breads, following traditional Tim Hortons recipes, as well as European pastries, including Danishes, croissants, and puff pastry. Those products are partially baked and then flash frozen and delivered to system restaurants, most of which have an Always Fresh oven with the Company’s proprietary technology. The restaurant completes the baking process with this oven and adds final finishing such as glazing and fondant, allowing the product to be served warm to the guest within a few minutes of baking. The Company sold its 50% joint-venture interest in Maidstone Bakeries to its former joint-venture partner, Aryzta, for gross cash proceeds of $475 million in October 2010. For additional information regarding Maidstone Bakeries, see â€Å"Source and Availability of Raw Materials† below. TIM HORTONS IN U. S We continued to focus on accelerating the time it takes to create critical mass for convenience and advertising scale in our most developed U. S. markets, primarily through deployment of the substantial majority of our U. S. restaurant development capital into core growth markets to increase awareness of the brand. We also continued to seek other marketing means, such as community involvement, sponsorships, event site product agreements and other forms of communication, to supplement traditional advertising to reinforce our brand position with guests and to broaden our brand awareness as a Cafe and Bake Shop destination; and sought to complement our U. S. standard format restaurant development activity with non-standard formats and locations through strategic partnerships and relationships. In 1995, Tim Hortons merged with Wendys International, Inc. giving new focus and impetus to the expansion of the Tim Hortons concept in the United States. Tim Hortons locations can presently be found in Michigan, Maine, Connecticut, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New York, with responsible expansion continuing in these core markets. The Canadian operation is 95% franchise owned and operated, and plans in the U. S. call for the same key strategy to be implemented as expansion progresses. Currently, there are more than 3,000 restaurants across Canada, and over 600 locations in the United States. In March 2006, Tim Hortons completed an initial public offering of the company and was fully spun off as a separate company as of September 29, 2006. Tim Hortons trades on the NYSE and TSX (THI). As one of the largest publicly traded quick service restaurant chain in North America based on market capitalization, and the largest in Canada, Tim Hortons has 4,264 system wide restaurants, including 3,436 in Canada, 804 in the United States and 24 in the Gulf Cooperation Council as of December 30th, 2012. Since the early 1990s, Tim Hortons and Wendy’s formed a partnership, owned on a 50/50 basis, and jointly developed the real estate underlying â€Å"combination restaurants† in Canada that offer Tim Hortons and Wendy’s products at the same location, typically with separate restaurant owners operating the Tim Hortons and the Wendy’s portions of the restaurant. The combination restaurants have separate drive-thrus, if the site allows for drive-thrus, but share a common

Business Cycle Essay -- essays research papers

In everyday society, companies are affected by the economy. The company either suffers or benefits depending on what kind of economy it is. This will depend on what kind of company it is, and what kind of market the business does well in. The Business Cycle is what determines this factor. It is a term used in economics to designate changes in the economy. Timing of the business cycle is not predictable, but its phases seem to be. Many economists site four phases—prosperity, liquidation, depression, and recovery. During a period of prosperity, a rise in production leads to increases in employment, wages, and profits. Obstacles then begin to obstruct further expansion. Production costs can increase, helping create a rise in prices, and consumers buy less. Inventories accumulate, causing price declines. Manufacturers begin to diminish; workers are laid off. Such factors lead to a period of liquidation, and money is hoarded, not invested. Production cutbacks and factory shutdowns occur. Unemployment becomes widespread. A depression is in progress. Recovery may be initiated by a reawakening in consumer demand or government action to stimulate the economy. Prices rise more rapidly than costs. Employment increases, and people buy more. Investment expands. A new cycle is under way. (msnencarta.com) (http://www.keystone-web.com/buscycle.html) Business cycles do not always behave as neatly as the model just given, and no two cycles are alike. Apart from the traditional business cycl...

Cover Letter. What is it? Essay

It is generally accepted practice to include a cover (or covering) letter, together with your resume and any other documentation that you forward to the employer as part of a job application. Your covering letter essentially provides an explanation of why you are communicating with the employer. Imagine a prospective employer’s confusion if they received your resume without a covering letter explaining why you have sent it to them, or what position you were applying for. A well written covering letter however can achieve much, much more in assisting you to gain employment. It represents a significant opportunity to create a positive impression with the employer, and to further market your skills and qualifications. Often your cover letter alone can influence an employer to include you in the next stage of the selection process, which is meeting you in an interview. When should I send a cover letter? What is the purpose of a cover letter? Write about benefits to the employer General guidelines for preparing a cover letter Suggested content for specific types of cover letters Job advertisement response – private enterprise position Job advertisement response – roles in government departments/organisations Speculative or cold call letters Writing to a recruitment agency Email cover letters Keep good records When should I send a cover letter? Always include a cover letter when sending your resume to: An employer, or a recruitment agency, in response to an advertised position. A recruitment agency seeking their assistance in finding employment. Prospective individual employers as part of a self-marketing exercise, or  when enquiring about employment opportunities in their organisation. Send a cover letter even if a job advertisement doesn’t specifically request that you do so. Remember, a cover letter provides another opportunity, in addition to your resume, to make a positive impression with prospective employers. Note: The only exception to this would be an employer’s on-line application process which does not enable or allow for a cover letter to be included. top^ What is the purpose of a cover letter? The cover letter is an obvious means of introducing yourself to a potential employer, or, to an employer’s agent if you are writing to a recruitment agency. Beyond this however, you should use a cover letter to: Explain clearly and concisely who you are, what job you are applying for, and why you applying. Summarise your key strengths, attributes, qualifications and motivations. Convey that you are professional, competent and enthusiastic about the employment opportunity through the language, content and overall layout of the letter. Tip: Never send a ‘generic’ cover letter to employers. As with your resume, it is essential that every cover letter you send to an employer is tailored to either the specific selection criteria appearing in the job advertisement, and/or to your specific purpose in writing to that employer. A final thought about the importance of your cover letter: The cover letter and the resume should both be stand alone documents and have sufficient impact on the employer to take your application to the next stage. Don’t assume that an employer will take the time to read both the cover letter and resume when deciding which applications to accept or reject. top^ Write about the benefits to the employer Your cover letter is a sales letter; you want the employer to â€Å"buy† what you have to offer. To encourage them to do this, it is essential that you explain how the employer will benefit if they offer you a position. For example, if you have well developed interpersonal communication skills and you know these skills are important to the employer, then say you have these skills in your letter. Then go one step further and point out a benefit, for instance: â€Å"I have highly developed interpersonal communication skills which means that I able to rapidly form effective working relationships with both co-workers and customers†. Avoid doing what inexperienced job candidates do which is usually to point out to an employer how a position with their organisation meets their career goals or other needs, such as: â€Å"This is my ideal position†, or â€Å"this role will give me the opportunity to get started/gain important experience in this field†. Employers will rarely be impressed by this; they much prefer to know about the contribution you can make, or the benefits you can bring to their organisation. top^ General guidelines for preparing a cover letter Following are some guidelines to assist you to write cover letters that make a positive impact on employers: Ideally keep the length of your letter to a single A4 page, and no more than a page and a half. Keep your message clear and succinct. Address your letter to a person, not a position. The job advertisement might say to address your  letter to the â€Å"The Human Resources Manager† or other job title. Contact the organisation to find out the name of the person to whom the letter should be addressed. In this way you can differentiate yourself from other candidates, and increase the chances that your application will get noticed. Ensure your name, address, phone number/s and email address are at the very top of the letter and aligned to the right hand margin. Also at the top of the letter, on the next line after the greeting â€Å"Dear Ms †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , quote any employer reference information and/or number appearing in the job advertisement. Set out your letter so that it is easy to read, and that essential information about you can be seen at a glance. The reader will probably spend no more than 30 seconds or so reading your letter before deciding if you qualify for further consideration. It is quite acceptable to use bold or underlined sub-headings in the main body of your letter with information relevant to the sub heading in dot point form. Make the tone of your letter lively by commencing bullet point sentences with action words such as ‘led’, ‘designed’, ‘planned and organised’, ‘implemented’ etc as appropriate. Close the letter with â€Å"Yours sincerely† if you know the person to whom you are writing, otherwise close with â€Å"Yours faithfully†. Sign the letter in your own hand writing, and type your name underneath the signature. Always proof read your letter. Spelling and grammar must be correct. Having a friend or colleague proof read your letter is also helpful. The next topic provides suggestions about the content of specific types of cover letters. top^ Suggested content for specific types of cover letter What you write about in your letter will depend on your purpose. Following are some additional, more specific guidelines for each of the most common situations where you should send a cover letter. These situations are: A position in private enterprise. Here you are responding to a job advertisement placed either by the employer, or a recruitment agency, where you are not required to also submit a separate document addressing the selection criteria. A role in a government department, local government and some not for profit organisations. This type of job application usually  requires you to prepare and submit, in addition to your resume and cover letter, a separate document which addresses the selection criteria contained in the person specification for the role. Writing a speculative letter (or cold call) to an employer enquiring about employment opportunities. Writing to introduce yourself to a recruitment agency and requesting them to assist you to find employment, rather than the situation where you are writing in response to a job advertisement. top^ Job advertisement response – private enterprises  Carefully analyse the job advertisement to determine the content of this type of letter. In your letter you should describe succinctly and clearly how you meet that criteria. Advertisements for graduate positions most often appear in the large display advertisements in the careers or professional section of the newspaper, not in the positions vacant section. A display advertisement will usually consist of three parts – a description of the employer organisation, an overview of the job role and then the selection criteria. The selection criteria part of an advertisement usually starts with a sentence like â€Å"The successful candidate will demonstrate/possess †¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"To be successful in this role you will †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The focus and main content of your letter should be about how you meet the selection criteria. This is because the decision to hire will be based on how well candidates meet the selection criteria. In your introductory paragraph: Refer to the position, including a reference number, if applicable, and where you saw it advertised. Say that you are interested in the role, and express confidence in your ability to perform the role to the standard required. Then write a sentence introducing the reader to the main body of the letter, for example, â€Å"Following is a summary of my qualifications and experience based on your selection criteria: †¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the main body of your letter: Use sub headings, either in bold font or underlined, for each of the selection criteria, and then detail under each heading the information in dot point summary form about how you meet the criteria. Indicate that you have enclosed your resume which contains further information about your skills and qualifications in relation to the position. The concluding paragraph: Indicate that you look forward to meeting the person to whom you are writing in the interview, at which time you will be able to further demonstrate your suitability for the role and outline the contribution you can make to the organisation. Avoid a weak closing sentence which states that you â€Å"hope to hear† from them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" indicate in the tone of the letter that you are confident about your capabilities and that an interview is expected! Tip: Avoid doing what inexperienced job seekers tend to do, which is to write about their ability to carry out the described role, rather than attempting to match their skills and experience against the selection criteria. Job advertisement response – roles in government departments/ organisations The content of your cover letter for a position in a federal, state or local government organisation or department will be set out in a similar style to a letter which you might send for a role outside government. You will need to outline in the letter the position for which you are applying and why you believe you are the best candidate for the role. When applying for most government roles you will need to complete a separate, and usually quite extensive document which contains evidence about how you meet the selection criteria. Because you will need to restrict the length of your cover letter to a page or so, your major challenge will to condense and summarise in your letter, information that you will have already provided in this separate document. In the main body of the letter therefore, using the same sub heading and bullet point format as for a private enterprise position, select and write about how you meet 3 or 4 of the most important ‘essential’ selection criteria. Speculative or cold call letter This is an option for finding employment which is sometimes successful. The approach is to write to an employer, or employers, and recruitment agents who operate in your field of career interest, either to enquire about employment opportunities, or to offer your services. This type of letter is often called a speculative or cold call letter because you are not responding to an advertisement, and you may not know if the employer is looking to hire staff. Some suggested approaches for preparing this type of letter are: If you know the organisation recruits graduates for various types of employment, work experience or project work, explain the arrangement you are seeking. This could be for example to seek full time employment, undertake casual, contract or voluntary work, vacation employment, or as part of a university assignment or project which has application to the organisation or industry. If, as a result of your research into the organisation, you are aware that they have a need that you are able to help them meet, outline in the letter your understanding of their need. Then explain how, through your specific skills, knowledge or experience, you can assist. Outline your action plan in your closing paragraph. For example, explain that you will make a follow up phone call seeking an interview and give a time frame for when you will be doing this. Do not expect the employer to contact you. Address your letter to a person. Identify who appropriate person/s might be through research and through networking. You can then ask for this person by name when you make your follow up phone call. top^ Writing to a recruitment agency It is recommended that you include two or three recruitment agencies as part of your job search strategy, asking their assistance in finding you a job. You do not have to wait for an advertisement to appear before contacting a recruitment agency. Write to them as soon as you start your job search. Be sure to select recruitment agencies that specialise in the industry or occupations that you are targeting. Recruitment agencies often do not advertise all the positions they are attempting to fill for the employers who are their clients. Instead they will attempt to fill these positions from candidates whose details they already have on their data base. In order to get onto their data base you will probably need to write to them and include your resume. As with other employment applications you will need to explain in your letter the type of role you are seeking, and outline the skills, knowledge and experience you would bring to such a role. Your approach in the letter is to assist the agency to sell your services to an employer. Be aware that most recruitment agencies are pleased to work with candidates who are seeking employment under various conditions. This includes permanent, full time roles, full time, fixed term contracts, part time and casual work. You will need to indicate in your cover letter what your preferences are in this regard. Tip: It sometimes helps to be flexible about the basis on which you might be employed by an organisation. There are many examples of people commencing their career with an organisation on a contract basis, or even as a part time or casual employee who have subsequently been offered a full time, permanent position. top^ Email cover letters With the increasing use of employment advertising on the internet and  electronic job application processes it is quite likely that you will be using an email in which to write a covering letter. If you are writing an email cover letter it is even more important to be clear and concise in what you write. Generally the reader will not want to have to work their way through large blocks of text to find out why you are writing and what you have to offer. This means you should aim to confine the content of your email into a single screen sized page. Some guidelines to follow: Use the subject line to clearly convey your purpose in writing. Explain in the first sentence why you are writing.  In dot point form provide a very brief summary of your key selling points – your relevant skills, knowledge and experience. In your closing sentence indicate that you are looking forward to meeting them in the interview where you can further demonstrate your capabilities. top^ Keep good records  When you begin to seriously look for employment it is possible that you will prepare numerous, and different versions of cover letters, your resume and other documentation associated with your application. Should you be invited to attend an interview, or an employer contacts you by telephone (with or without notice) to conduct a screening interview, it will be imperative that you are able to quickly locate and refer to the information you have given that employer. A good filing system will assist you to do this. Keep a separate file for each job application. Include in this file: The job advertisement. Job or person specifications. Any notes or worksheets associated with the position. A copy of the cover letter, resume and any other documentation you send to the employer.

Behavioural Issues Within Budgeting Essay

Objectives of Budgeting Through budgeting organisations can provide information for strategic planning and control, these are the two main objectives of the budgetary control system. Management and management accountants must work together and operate a system that achieves these objectives, they do so through a system called variance analysis. Management accountants compare the actual results against the budgets; they then send reports to the management concerning the extent to which budgets are being met. Management can then control activities by making possible steps to stop situations where the budget is being ignored or overlooked. To meet their controlling and planning needs, management and management accountants adapt the feedback and feed-forward principles (types of controls). As well as feedback, budgetary systems consist of feed-forward controls, where expected outcomes can be compared with desired outcomes. A recent report Tayles (1998) suggests that, â€Å"†¦feedforward control consists of a prediction being made of anticipated future outputs. If the expected outputs differ from what outputs are desired, control actions are implemented to minimise these differences. Control is therefore, achieved, if the control actions are effective, before any deviation from the objective output occurs†. Feedback is the detection of a deviation between actual results and an objective; normally this is carried out after the event and is essentially error based. Research has shown that up to date, accurate feedback has a motivational effect, delay and inaccurate data are demotive. Most organisations adopt th ese controls, as they are effective and aid the pursuit of a budgetary control system. Target setting is another objective of budgeting and may possibly have motivational benefits. Setting targets that are realistic and clearly stated will encourage employees to make more effort to achieve it than they might otherwise do. However, the motivational effect of budgetary control is far from clear, as we shall see later in this report. In addition, there is no  point in having targets and controls if they are kept a secret. Through communication, organisations can enhance the level of information that flows from top management to employees (subordinates). These are just some of the arguments for budgeting. The rest of this report will concentrate on the behavioural issues in a budgetary control system. Behavioural Considerations When drafting and planning a budgeting system there are behavioural issues to consider as budgets can have implications for human behaviour and, budgeting can have harmful side effects on performance. There is a danger that employees will concentrate solely on the objectives set by the budget, regardless of whether or not it is organizationally desirable. This means that individuals would set out to exploit the rules of the budgetary control system to boost their individual performance, ignoring other areas not monitored by the control system. Drury (2000, p.600) found that â€Å"†¦actual behaviour may be modified so that desired results appear to be obtained, although they may have been achieved in an undesirable manner which is detrimental to the firm†. In addition, budgets may give management a means of judging the performance of their teams. It’s assumed that, the setting of performance measures should complement the setting of new strategies and objectives and the implementation of action plans for the organisation. However, that adherence to the budget alone cannot measure all aspects of a manager’s performance. Therefore, it is important that managers achieve their targets frequently enough to give positive feedback in their efforts. Another behavioural aspect to consider when introducing a budgetary control system is the controls set by the new system, as these may cause negative attitudes. A potential cause of negative attitudes is the way a control is applied, if targets are considered unachievable and applied too rigorously, they may cause negative attitudes. This may also lead to harmful side effects such as the lack of goal congruence and organisational performance. However, if care is taken in designing the control system negative attitudes may be avoided. Drury (2000, p.601) makes a similar argument, â€Å"The way that  a control system is applied can be just as important as the design issues in determining the success of a control system†. Importance of Behavioural Considerations in the Budgetary Process Participation Interaction of managers and employees or budgetees to the targets that are incorporated in their budgets is known as participation. Tayles (1998) suggests that, â€Å"†¦participation in the budget process and discussion over how results are to be measured has benefits in terms of budget attitude and performance of the budgetee†. This would be of an advantage to an organisation as employees would be more receptive of the targets and more committed to achieving them. In addition, the levels of staff morale would be greater than before. Participation can also improve communications and tends to improve the degree to which budgets are met. For example, participation creates a common understanding of the organisations objectives and makes achieving goals more likely. Communication Communication is a necessary activity in all factors of management and can be broadly defined as an exchange of information to bring about a mutual understanding between two parties. Welsch (1988) Defining or clarifying the lines of communication within an organisation can be a powerful aid in the construction of the budget. Communication can have an important part to play in the budgets objectives, targets and responsibilities throughout the organisation. Carried out properly, this can have considerable benefits in promoting co-operation at all levels. Therefore, in order for an organisation to wok effectively there must be lines of communication so that all parts can de kept fully informed of the part they are expected to play in achieving the budget. This aspect can have important behavioural implications throughout an organisation as the attitude of the person who receives the communication may be affected. Motivation By setting challenging but realistic targets, well-designed budgets can play a significant part in motivating managers and employees to perform in line with the organisational objectives. The targets must be clear and achievable, and the manager should participate in setting his or her own budget, as it is more likely to be acknowledged. Generally, it’s believed for budgets to motivate, higher objectives should be set. The levels of expected performance that are set influence the motivation of managers responsible for target achievement. If levels are set too high, then there is a strong disincentive to management involvement in the budgetary process, and a low level of motivation. It levels are set too low, then managers can achieve targets easily despite inefficiencies. This is known as budgetary slack. Setting appropriate levels of attainment in budgets is a complex and difficult activity with an important behavioural dimension. Therefore, it can be said that motivation is a process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behaviour induced by the expectation of satisfying individual needs. Goal Congruence Goal congruence means that as people work to achieve their own goals, they also work to achieve the goals of the organisation. Nevertheless, there is a danger that employees will concentrate only on what is been monitored, leading to a lack of goal congruence. Focused on preventing this undesirable behaviour and encouraging goal congruence is controls, for example, action or behavioural controls. Action or behavioural controls involves managers watching employees as they go about there work and if the managers know what actions are desirable (or undesirable) the desired outcomes will come about. Performance measures may be used as a good indicator of what is desirable to achieve an organisations goals and some measure may encourage goal congruence or organisationally desirable behaviour. For this to be effective management must also ensure  that desired actions are taken. Goal Definition A further use of budgets is as a basis for setting performance standards and rewards, for example, bonus, status or enhanced promotion prospects are often linked to budget attainment. This may be defined as a process theory of motivation that focuses on the process of setting goals, Emmanual (1992). It is argued that the natural human preference to set and strive for these goals is useful only if the individual both understands and accepts a particular goal. Therefore fundamental to goal attainment is: *an understanding and acceptance of a particular goal (goal congruence) *skills to achieve the goal *confidence that they have the skills to achieve the goal *a reasonable expectation of achieving that goal People work more efficiently when they have goals and targets. Therefore, if the targets are agreed and accepted by individuals, they should achieve goal congruence and motivation. Conclusion It will be apparent from this report that budgets serve various purposes and in some cases, these purposes can be in conflict and have a consequent effect on management and employee behaviour. Nevertheless, if controls are put in place that focuses on preventing undesirable behaviour, employees of an organisation would be discouraged from taking part in such actions. Budgets serve as a means of forecasting, planning, control and a channel of  communication and motivation. But, a good budgetary system should be designed to: *meet the objectives regarded as most important by senior management *provide information which is useful in meeting those objectives *Reduce the risk of unintended and undesirable behaviours. REFERENCES Drury, C. (2000) Management & Cost Accounting, 5th edition, Thomson Learning Emmanual, C. Otley, D. Merchant, K. (1992) Readings in Accounting for Management Control, Chapman & Hall Tayles, M. (01 Dec 1998) budgetary control – the organisational aspects Available at: www.acca.com [Accessed 7 April 2002] Welsch, G.A. Hilton, R.W. Gordon, P.N. (1988) Budgeting – Profit Planning and Control, 5th edition, Prentice Hall

Aims of Germany and Japan essays

Aims of Germany and Japan essays The 1930s were a tumultuous time. After World War I, the Allied powers seemed determined to preserve peace, but Germany and Japan held a shared goal of world domination. In two memorandums about the plans of Germany and Japan, U.S. officials make the position that the United States should take plain: mobilize and be ready for war, but do not provoke it. In other words, Speak softly but carry a big stick. Although Germany and Japan had a few similar goals and ideas, they differed on other issues of subject peoples and races. Both Germany and Japan had plans to rule the world. They began their conquests in the early- to mid-1930s, Japan with Manchuria in 1931 and Germany with the Rhineland in 1936. These occupations would eventually lead to WWII. Germany and Japan also wanted to control trade and have a political influence in the countries that surrounded them. For Germany, it was a matter of national pride. They wanted to show that Germany was still a great state after their humiliating defeat in WWI. The expansionists of Japan felt that Japans destiny is to subjugate and rule the world. There was no tinge of revenge to the The main difference between Germany and Japan was that the Japanese military had the power to defeat other countries without the permission of the government. The German government not only gave permission, they persuaded the German people to support their hunger for territory. Germany was intensely xenophobic. All peoples other than Aryans were persecuted. They intended to annihilate the Jews and breed out the Slavic people. The memorandum concerning Japan does not give evidence of xenophobia in Japan, but neither does it imply that the Japanese were Germany and Japan had many similarities in their foreign policies. The ...

Chicago Referencing †Repeat Citations - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Chicago Referencing – Repeat Citations Chicago Referencing – Repeat Citations If you have a useful source text, you’ll often want to cite it more than once in your work. But the Chicago Manual of Style has specific rules for doing this, so you need to how it works! Here, then, is our guide to repeat citations in Chicago style referencing. Consecutive Repeat Citations In Chicago footnote referencing, when you cite the same source twice in a row, you can use the Latin abbreviation â€Å"ibid.† This literally translates as â€Å"in the same place.† If you are citing exactly the same page as before, you can use â€Å"ibid.† by itself. If you are citing a different part of the text, you should give the new page number(s), too. For instance: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., 102. Here, page 13 of Alan C. Jenkins’ Wildlife in the City is cited in footnotes 1 and 2, while page 102 is cited in footnote 3. This saves us from writing out the full source information each time. Non-Consecutive Repeat Citations What, though, do you do when you need to repeat a citation after you’ve cited another source? In this case, Chicago referencing uses a shortened footnote style. These shortened footnotes should include: The author’s surname The page(s) cited Non-consecutive citations of the same source would therefore look like this: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Esther Woolfson, Corvus: A Life with Birds (London: Granta Publications, 2008), 234. 3. Jenkins, 102. If you have more than one source by the same author, however, you should also include a shortened version of the title. This will ensure the reader knows which source you’re citing. For instance: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Esther Woolfson, Corvus: A Life with Birds (London: Granta Publications, 2008), 234. 3. Alan C. Jenkins, Introducing Cats (London: Spring Books, 1958), 24. 4. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City, 102. In this case, footnotes 1 and 4 point to the same source, while footnote 3 is another source by Jenkins. Author–Date Citations Chicago referencing also has an author–date system, which uses in-text citations. To reference the same source more than once in this, all you have to do is give the same citation again: Alan Jenkins (1983) describes how birds of prey survive in urban settings. He says that peregrine falcons are a â€Å"spectacular example of adaptive behavior† (Jenkins 1983, 13). All you need to do with repeat author–date citations, then, is make sure they are consistent!

Theories about whether or not virtue can be taught Essay - 93

Theories about whether or not virtue can be taught - Essay Example In the Meno, Socrates states that virtuous and wise people are not very good at imparting these qualities to others. For example, while Themistocles, the Athenian statesman and soldier could teach the skills of shooting javelins and standing upright to his son Cleophantus, no one ever stated about Cleophantus that he was virtuous and wise, and this holds true for Pericles and his sons Xanthippus and Paralus; Lysimachus and Aristides, his son; and Thucydides and his sons Stephanus and Melesias. Since there are apparently no teachers of virtue, it was inferred by Socrates that it is not possible to teach virtue; and since it cannot be taught, virtue cannot be translated as a kind of knowledge. Meno questions that if it is not possible to teach virtue, then how could good men exist? Socrates retorts that Meno and he overlooked that it is possible to execute a right action without knowledge. This can be explained in terms of the quality of guidance offered by two men to Larisa, one of wh om has been there whereas the other just knows about the way and has never actually been to Larisa. Of the two, the one who knows the way to Larisa would serve as a good guide, but so would be the other man who has never been to Larisa. If it is believed that truth as a guide is just as good as the man who is aware of that truth, it implies that a correct opinion is no less good a guide for the correct action than knowledge. In this case, Meno wonders what the factors that distinguish knowledge from correct opinion are, and also asks why should knowledge be preferred over correct opinion or vice versa? Socrates addresses these questions by saying that correct opinions can be interpreted as Daedalus’s statues, who was a highly skilled craftsman and mythological architect. The statues of Daedalus needed to be tied to prevent them from running away. Similarly, it is possible to tie down the correct opinions with the reason whereupon they discontinue being correct opinions and  becoming a form of knowledge.  

Theory evolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theory evolution - Research Paper Example They emerged with a goal of strengthening the already existing methods. The original ideas had some weaknesses in their area of scope, field of coverage and failed to pinpoint in some of the most sensitive aspects that indeed can improve the process of understanding the adult theory. The alternative methods added some knowledge on adult learning, like, for example; they came up with other principles of adult education that got neglected by the original theories. These included the assumptions of self-concept, adult education experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learn and motivation to learn. These new assumptions that got added to the alternative theories brought an insight and knowledge on how to approach adult education (Jarvis & Jarvis, 2004). The alternative methods contributed other principles of Andragogy. The new laws gave other means through which the process of adult learning can get well comprehended (Flannery, 1993). These methods have brought in some insights towards understanding of the adult education. Scholars have gotten in a position to get awareness on the flexibility and dynamism that Andragogy exhibits over time (Merriam, 2008). Andragogy has further gotten understood as a process that has extreme differences in pedagogy, due to the different assumptions and principles that are parallel to those of